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What is Ottoman Empire | Meaning and Cocept

The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923), also called the Ottoman Turkish Monarchy, was a very methodical and multitimonial type of government. Its maximum glory is observed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, being able to disperse through a very large area of ​​Southeast Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, bordering on the west with Morocco, on the east with the Caspian Sea and with Sudan on the South, Eritrea, Somalia and Arabia. The Ottoman Empire had 29 provinces under its rule.


Ottoman Empire



The States of Moldova, Transylvania and Wallachia were his servants. That is why, the Ottoman Empire is considered as the Islamic government substitute of the first classical empires , in addition its particular location between Europe and the East, it ended up defining its international links and great amount of its cultural characteristics.


Origin


Its historical origin is located in the periods that relate important events of Central Asia, properly in Turkestan . This population was dedicated to work the cattle ranch and the breeding of horses; also to trade, being almost nomadic. Their arrival in the territory, which they will later dominate, is related to the Abbasid Caliphate, including army lines and administration. 

When the Ottoman Turks, still in command of the Seljuks, confront the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the conquest of the Anatolian peninsula begins.In this way, the Seljuks found a sultanate that also includes Iraq and Iran, which will then be divided after the Mongol offensive in 1243. This is how much of the land goes to the Mongols , despite the fact that some independent regions survive , among them the Sultanate of Rüm in Anatolia, with capital in the town of Konya. From these states originates Utmán I known as Osmán I, who will give a name to the Ottoman dynasty. With Utmán I begins to expand what will be called the Turkish Empire.




The Empire in full swing


The substitute of Utmán I, Orhán I (1324-1360), conquered the cities of Nicea (1331) and Bursa, founding in the latter the capital thus constituting a legitimate State. Some years later, around 1338, the Byzantines of the Anatolian peninsula had already been banished and had already begun to disperse towards the east and the south, taking over territories belonging to other Turkish principalities. In 1354 they seized Gallipoli , a European region of the Dardanelles Strait, which will later allow them to spread to Europe. In 1361 they conquered Adrianápolis (Edirne), towards the west, region in which they established their new capital. 
Murad I (1360-1389) began the dispersion in Europe, which alternated with a policy of agreements agreed withthe Orthodox Church , chose the first Vizier, who centralized the office throughout the century and who was also the first to achieve the appointment of Sultan, because his predecessors ruled with the title of emirs. He was also the founder of the Janízaros community, of great importance for the development of the empire. However, at this stage the Pope decreed the Bull of the First Crusade (1366), which failed and the Sultan decided to keep the preferential pact with the intellectuals, through which they were respected the right to life, their possessions and religious inclination with the payment of a tribute, they were also excluded from military service.


Term of the Ottoman Empire

The Empire came to an end, after centuries in which as well as experienced its boom, as well in a slow way its deterioration and disintegration, led him to accept many defeats against Europeans . When Selim III (1789-1807) obtained the throne, this hegemony still embraced the entire Balkan peninsula south of the Danube, Anatolia and the Arab world from Iraq to North Africa.
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Jack Evans

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