It is designated with the name Asperger syndrome to a neurobiological condition , in which the person suffering from it has difficulties in sociability and communication. It belongs to the Autistic Spectrum Disorders, but it is not autism so it should not be confused; it is a frequent condition in the child population. It has this name in honor of an Austrian doctor named Hans Asperger, who conducted research on childhood mental disorders and for the first time described asperger syndrome.
It is a condition that affects the brain circuits of the frontal and temporal zones in addition to the amygdala. Previously it was within the Generalized Developmental Disorders or PDD , but now it is in the condition (CEA) or Autism Spectrum Condition . It is important to emphasize that this condition severely affects the social and affective condition of the child or adult who suffers it. The causes of Asperger syndrome are not entirely clear, although research by Hans Asperger concluded that genetic inheritanceIt was related to this disorder. Likewise, in a publication of the International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, it was reported that a series of analyzes had found that exposure to teratogenic agents , that is, organisms that may increase the probability of an anomaly forming during the development of an embryo, they also had some connection to Asperger's syndrome.
It is very frequent, 1,000 children between 3-7 have this condition, in an age range of 7 to 16 years. Although they have difficulties in communication and language, children with asperger have the ability to relate better with adults and are totally sincere.
Due to the little knowledge about this disorder, many people (children and adults) who have this condition are subject to discrimination, mockery and social exclusion, since for the uninformed society, these are "strange" beings. For this reason, many charities do their best to allow the inclusion and knowledge of this condition .
Taking this into account, since 2006, it was assigned on February 18 as the International Day of Asperger Syndrome , whose date corresponds to the birth of the person who discovered this Hans Asperger syndrome.
The asperger syndrome has as a consequence the affectation in different areas, where the sensoperceptive processes are also affected :
Social and emotional environments. In the understanding of ideas, questions and conversations. realization of body movements and motor coordination.
In adulthood, people with asperger's syndrome may have problems regarding:
For its treatment it is necessary first the diagnosis , which happens between four to eleven years of age. The neurological and genetic level is evaluated and tests are carried out to measure cognition, psychological and motor function, communicative strengths and weaknesses, form of learning and what their abilities are for everyday life. Taking into account all these items, the multidisciplinary team can conclude an accurate diagnosis for further treatment, as the case may be.
It is very important that the diagnosis is correct, otherwise it could happen that it is confused with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and cause the medications indicated to worsen the behavioral problems. The treatment as such of Asperger syndrome does not exist, but is aimed at controlling social and motor characteristics, such as the teaching of communication skills.
It should be noted that there is no pharmacological treatmentthat directly treat the symptoms of Asperger syndrome, but of the symptoms related to it, such as anxiety, depression and aggression. Many patients do not understand why they need medication, but in this way they can obtain a higher success rate in the control of symptoms. The unusual or atypical antipsychotics are those used in these cases, since they manage to reduce the obsessive and aggressive behaviors of the individual. On the other hand, selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake are employed for repetitive behaviors. Of course, the use of these drugs is under strict medical supervision due to their side effects such as the development of type II diabetes mellitus, heart disease and other diseases.
Its objective is to reduce the anxiety in the child or adult suffering from this syndrome, improve their communicative forms and the obsession to perform tasks repeatedly. Psychological therapies are also included. Commonly the components of these therapies are: Exercise of social skills to achieve more affective relationships. Cognitive and behavioral therapy to manage anxiety, obsessions and uncontrollable emotions. Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and sensory integration. TACA Therapies (Assisted Therapies With Animals): consists of therapeutic sessions with various animals, such as cats and horses (the latter called equine therapy).
Syndrome Asperger and classic autism : They first differ in the SA (Asperger syndrome) has no deficits structural language, but pragmatic limitations as a tool for communication of the subject, as in the case of autistic disorder classic. In addition, intelligence is unchanged in the syndrome of asperger, on the contrary of the autistic disorder.
Syndrome Asperger 's and high - functioning autism: Their differences are that the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome is late compared to that of autism, with more positive prognosis, the deficit in terms of communication and sociability is less than that of autism, the specific interests of the person suffering from it is more limited than the one that suffers from the syndrome of asperger, the verbal intellectual coefficient of the person with Asperger syndrome is greater than the one of functional IQ , unlike the autism that is of inverse form and finally, in the SA, it is he observes lower dexterity at motor level than in autism.
What is Asperger syndrome?
It is a condition that affects the brain circuits of the frontal and temporal zones in addition to the amygdala. Previously it was within the Generalized Developmental Disorders or PDD , but now it is in the condition (CEA) or Autism Spectrum Condition . It is important to emphasize that this condition severely affects the social and affective condition of the child or adult who suffers it. The causes of Asperger syndrome are not entirely clear, although research by Hans Asperger concluded that genetic inheritanceIt was related to this disorder. Likewise, in a publication of the International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, it was reported that a series of analyzes had found that exposure to teratogenic agents , that is, organisms that may increase the probability of an anomaly forming during the development of an embryo, they also had some connection to Asperger's syndrome.
Asperger's syndrome in children
It is very frequent, 1,000 children between 3-7 have this condition, in an age range of 7 to 16 years. Although they have difficulties in communication and language, children with asperger have the ability to relate better with adults and are totally sincere.
Adult Asperger's Syndrome
On many occasions, adults with this condition managed to achieve a full life in their daily activities (work, family, relationships), but still may have problems at the social level, due to their inability to understand and little social interaction.
The symptoms are similar to those previously exposed:
Symptoms of Asperger syndrome
Generally the clinical picture of asperger syndrome has the following symptoms: Little empathy . They are egotistical and selfish. Communicative difficulty They usually talk a lot. Difficulty to act according to the situation. Little show of emotions. Erratic and unbridled emotional outbursts (more common in children). Motor difficulty. Literal comprehension of verbal language. Negative reaction to light or noise. There are also certain characteristics differentiated into two points:Positive characteristics of the syndrome of asperger
- Quick reading learning.
- Intelligence many times above normal (normal IQ: 120).
- Attention to details.
- If a topic is of interest to you, it tends to possess great knowledge.
- He is extremely attentive to details of his interest.
- They tend to be honest and without a filter.
- He has no prejudices towards age, sex and culture.
Complicated features of asperger syndrome
- Fear of loud noises
- Difficulty in understanding questions.
- Difficulty to understand because he is scolded or punished.
- He prefers to play alone than with other children.
- He does not understand the rules of a game and always likes to win.
- He does not know how to act in social situations.
- It has little motor coordination.
- He does not like sports.
- When he was a baby it was hard for him to talk, crawl and walk.
- Taste for only certain clothing.
- Avoid crowded and noisy places.
- He does not like school.
- You have rituals or tasks that you must complete to feel calm (such as arranging your toys in a certain order before leaving).
- Invent words.
- He seems to be absorbed in his own thoughts.
- Believe everything you are told, even if it is absurd or does not make sense.
In adults
The symptoms are similar to those previously exposed:
- Difficulty to establish new relationships, conversations and social interaction.
- It is difficult for them to find love, work and family stability due to their condition.
- As for language, adults with asperger can develop formal language, but do not know how to use it correctly.
- Repetitive behavior
- He does not like to change his daily habits.
- Difficulty solving problems.
- They do not establish eye contact.
- They seem disconnected from the world around them.
- His tone of speech is high and unusual, using language inappropriate to the situation.
- They do not pay attention to what others say.
- They do not care if someone is not interested in the topic they are talking about.
- They change the subject abruptly if they do not notice what they are listening to.
Consequences of Asperger's syndrome
Due to the little knowledge about this disorder, many people (children and adults) who have this condition are subject to discrimination, mockery and social exclusion, since for the uninformed society, these are "strange" beings. For this reason, many charities do their best to allow the inclusion and knowledge of this condition .
Taking this into account, since 2006, it was assigned on February 18 as the International Day of Asperger Syndrome , whose date corresponds to the birth of the person who discovered this Hans Asperger syndrome.
The asperger syndrome has as a consequence the affectation in different areas, where the sensoperceptive processes are also affected :
Social and emotional environments. In the understanding of ideas, questions and conversations. realization of body movements and motor coordination.
In adulthood, people with asperger's syndrome may have problems regarding:
- Difficulty finding and maintaining a partner due to little empathy and little communication.
- Difficulty finding and keeping work. If you get a job, you could be targeted for abuse, discrimination, exclusion and be paid with less pay than other workers, in addition to recurring misunderstandings with other employees and bosses.
- They are more likely to fall into poverty because they can not keep a job. Although this is not always the case, due to the minimum income due to disability and because of its higher than normal intelligence, in which you can devise ways to earn money for your subsistence.
- In adults, it is usual to have behaviors that do not belong to their biological age, which is why specialists can sometimes confuse it with Peter Pan Syndrome.
Treatment of Asperger's syndrome
For its treatment it is necessary first the diagnosis , which happens between four to eleven years of age. The neurological and genetic level is evaluated and tests are carried out to measure cognition, psychological and motor function, communicative strengths and weaknesses, form of learning and what their abilities are for everyday life. Taking into account all these items, the multidisciplinary team can conclude an accurate diagnosis for further treatment, as the case may be.
It is very important that the diagnosis is correct, otherwise it could happen that it is confused with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and cause the medications indicated to worsen the behavioral problems. The treatment as such of Asperger syndrome does not exist, but is aimed at controlling social and motor characteristics, such as the teaching of communication skills.
Medicines
It should be noted that there is no pharmacological treatmentthat directly treat the symptoms of Asperger syndrome, but of the symptoms related to it, such as anxiety, depression and aggression. Many patients do not understand why they need medication, but in this way they can obtain a higher success rate in the control of symptoms. The unusual or atypical antipsychotics are those used in these cases, since they manage to reduce the obsessive and aggressive behaviors of the individual. On the other hand, selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake are employed for repetitive behaviors. Of course, the use of these drugs is under strict medical supervision due to their side effects such as the development of type II diabetes mellitus, heart disease and other diseases.
Therapies
Its objective is to reduce the anxiety in the child or adult suffering from this syndrome, improve their communicative forms and the obsession to perform tasks repeatedly. Psychological therapies are also included. Commonly the components of these therapies are: Exercise of social skills to achieve more affective relationships. Cognitive and behavioral therapy to manage anxiety, obsessions and uncontrollable emotions. Physical therapy to improve motor coordination and sensory integration. TACA Therapies (Assisted Therapies With Animals): consists of therapeutic sessions with various animals, such as cats and horses (the latter called equine therapy).
Differences between Asperger and Autism
Syndrome Asperger and classic autism : They first differ in the SA (Asperger syndrome) has no deficits structural language, but pragmatic limitations as a tool for communication of the subject, as in the case of autistic disorder classic. In addition, intelligence is unchanged in the syndrome of asperger, on the contrary of the autistic disorder.
Syndrome Asperger 's and high - functioning autism: Their differences are that the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome is late compared to that of autism, with more positive prognosis, the deficit in terms of communication and sociability is less than that of autism, the specific interests of the person suffering from it is more limited than the one that suffers from the syndrome of asperger, the verbal intellectual coefficient of the person with Asperger syndrome is greater than the one of functional IQ , unlike the autism that is of inverse form and finally, in the SA, it is he observes lower dexterity at motor level than in autism.
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